UNIT 10: ROOTS

1 - Seed structure which forms the primary root

2 - Term for the single, storage root produced by carrot plants

3 - Type of root system characterized by grass plants

4 - Structure which protects the root apex

5 - Root area in region of cell division which has a low rate of mitosis

6 - Root region which is adjacent to the region of cell division

7 - Root region where root hairs occur

8 - Tissue formed from the dicot root ground meristem

9 - Differentiated single cell which functions in absorption

10 - Root layer in the inner area of the cortex

11 - Specialized wall layer associated with the endodermis

12 - Center tissue in primary dicot roots

13 - Center tissues in monocot roots

14 - Tissue which gives rise to the pith in monocot roots

15 - Term for five archs in the primary xylem

16 - Numbers of "patches" of primary phloem in a triarch root

17 - Root layer which gives rise to lateral roots

18 - Root layer which completes the ring of vascular cambium

19 - Root layer which gives rise to the cork cambium

20 - Modified corn roots which function in support

21 - Multiple epidermal layer which functions in absorption in orchid
     modified roots

22 - Specialized root which is formed in symbiotic relationship between
     fungi and dicot roots

A - Roots - characteristics
   
   1 - Origin - radicle

   2 - Function - absorption, anchor, transport, storage

   3 - Systems - tap, diffuse

   4 - Ability to absorb
       a - location - feeder roots
       b - extent - amount of soil contact

   5 - Anatomy
       a - longitudinal
           (1) root cap - sloughed off, geotropism
           (2) region cell division - active mitosis, quiescent zone,
               root organization, apical initials
           (3) region of elongation - differentiation of protoderm,
               ground meristem, provascular tissue

           (4) region of maturation and root hairs - tissue layers
               (a) epidermis - no cuticle, root hairs
               (b) cortex - storage, plasmodesmata, endodermis - inner
                   layer of cortex, control water movement, Casparian
                   strip - suberin
               (c)vascular tissue - stele 
                        dicots - center xylem in archs
                        with patches phloem
                        monocots - hollow cylinder of vascular tissue
                        with pith in center
                        pericycle - out layer dicot stele, functions - 
                        origin lateral roots, completes vascular cambium,

   6 - Modified roots
       a - prop
       b - pneumatophores
       c - velamen - epiphytes
       d - flower pot plant
       e - food storage - carrot, beet
       f - adventitious roots - cuttings, asexual propagation
       g - mutualistic associations
           (1) mycorrhizae - fungi
           (2) nodules - bacteria

   7 - Excised root cultures - show root
       Growth requires - E source, inorganic nutrients, B vitamins