UNIT 7: SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

1 - Conducting cell type found in the phloem

2 - Conducting cell type found in the xylem

3 - Material which is tranlocated in the phloem

4 - Stele pattern which has a tubular arrangement

5 - Tissues included in the stele

6 - Most primitive stele pattern

7 - Geologic period when seedless vascular plants flourished

8 - Type of stem branching in Psilotum

9 - Dominant generation in Psilotum

10 - Stele type in Psilotum

11 - Structure where Psilotum sperm are formed

12 - Common name for Psilotum nudum

13 - Primary geologic period for coal formation

14 - Common name for Isoetes

15 - Specialized underground stem in Isoetes

16 - A distinctive characteristic concerning the type of growth in Isoetes

17 - Single genus in the Sphenophyta

18 - Largest and most dominant fossil member of the Sphenophyta

19 - Primary photosynthetic organ in Scouring Rushes

20 - Plants which have whorled leaves and jointed stems

21 - A genus included in the club moss group

22 - Specialized very small leaf found in club mosses

23 - Type of stele found in Lycopodium

24 - Dominant generation in Lycopodium

25 - Spore type produced by the male Selaginella gametophyte

26 - Habitat for Azolla and Salvinia

27 - Specialized metabolic sequence which is associated with Azolla symbionts

28 - Term for fern leaflets

29 - Term for the special pattern of Fiddlehead unrolling

30 - Term for a cluster of fern sporangia

31 - Specialized membrane-like structure covering fern sporangia

32 - Type of stele found in ferns

33 - Term for the specialized type of fern stem

34 - Specialized layer of fern cells with an uneven thickening pattern

35 - Term for the heart-shaped fern gametophyte

36 - Fern structure which contains the egg

37 - Fern structure where fertilization occurs

A. Evolution of vascular tissue - Tracheophyta
   1 - Xylem - water
   2 - Phloem - food

B. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
   1 - roots
   2 - leaves
       a - microsporophylls
       b - megasporophylls - lamina (blade)
   3 - Reproduction - spores
       a - homospory
       b - heteropsory
           (1) megaspores
           (2) microspores
   4 - Heteromorphic life cycle
   5 - Vascular tissue (stele) patterns
       a - prostostele
       b - siphonostele
       c - eustele (advanced)

C. DIVISIONS - many plants are extinct
   1 - Rhyniophyta - all extinct
   2 - Psilophyta - 2 living genera, among first vascular plants
       EXAMPLE: Psilotum - (whisk ferns)
           Characteristics:
               - Lacks roots and leaves, protostele, homosporous
               - Life cycle - underground gametophye
   3 - Lycophyta - dominant in Carboniferous period
           (1) Lycopodium - (ground pine) protostele, strobilus
           	   (a) life cycle - subterranean gametophyte, homosporous
           (2) Selaginella - first example of heterospory
           	   (a) Characteristics: megaspores, microspores, protostele
           	   (b) Life cycle - strobilus
           (3) Isoetes - (quillworts), heterosporous, fleshy stem (corm), 
                   specialized cambial activity
   4 - Sphenophyta - mostly extinct
       Calamites -fossil trees that were dominant in the Carboniferous 
	 one living genus:
       Equisetum - homosporous, strobilus
        a - horsetails - jointed stems
        b - scouring rush - silicon granules
   5 - Pterophyta - (ferns)
        a - Characteristics: dissected leaves, most are homosporous, rhizome,
            siphonostele, fiddleheads (circinate vernation)
        b - Life cycle: sorus, annulus, lip cells, heart-shape gametophyte